August 2: Rage Against the Regime!

How blue-green algae dominates ponds

Toxic algae releases chemicals to suppress competitors

By Krishna Ramanujan, Cornell Chronicle

Thomas Bjorkman/Provided

An alga that threatens freshwater ecosystems and is toxic to vertebrates has a sneaky way of ensuring its success: It suppresses the growth of algal competitors by releasing chemicals that deprive them of a vital vitamin.

The finding was reported in a new study, published July 2 in the journal mBio. It describes how the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa manipulates its environment to give itself advantages to take over the water column, leading to harmful algal blooms and mats in lakes during hot summers.

Price spikes in coffee, chocolate driven by climate change (and tariffs)

Weather Extremes Caused by Climate Change Are Driving Up Food Prices, a New Report Says

By Georgina Gustin

Environmental Research Letters

Extreme weather has stoked food prices around the world in recent years and could lead to more political instability and inflation, with the world’s poor bearing most of the economic pain and health impacts, according to new research.

A report published in the journal Environmental Research Letters tracks 16 weather events, many directly attributed to climate change, including extreme heat and flooding, and connects those to specific price surges.

“We can see that there’s a broad global context for this happening in recent years that extends all the way from East Asia through Europe and also to North America,” said Maximillian Kotz, a post-doctoral fellow at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center and the lead author of the study. “We think our paper is really a call to action for us to consider these wider effects of food price increases in response to climate change for our societies.”

In California and Arizona, extreme heat and dry soil conditions in the summer of 2022 drove an 80 percent increase in vegetable prices that November. In Spain and Italy, a drought spanning 2022 and 2023 led to a 50 percent spike in olive oil prices by 2024.  

Chocolate lovers have had to shell out more cash after cocoa prices jumped nearly 300 percent following a 2024 heatwave in Ivory Coast and Ghana, which produce 60 percent of the world’s cocoa. Coffee drinkers were similarly hit after a 2023 drought in Brazil led to a 55 percent jump in arabica bean prices, and a 2024 heat wave in Asia doubled prices of robusta coffee.

EDITOR'S NOTE: Donald Trump sent Brazil a letter saying the US will impose a 50% tariff on all Brazilian goods starting August 1 because Trump wants Brazil to drop prosecution of his ally and ex-Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro. Bolsonaro is on trial for attempting a coup after he lost his 2022 bid for re-election. Brazil supplies the majority of US coffee.  - Will Collette

Unhealthy air, high heat continue until tonight

'You Don't Thank a Burglar for Returning Your Cash'

Trump Admin Finally Says It Will Release Education Funds

But where's the money?

Brett Wilkins for Common Dreams

The Lunatic-in-Chief actually posted this

While welcoming reporting that the Trump administration will release more than $5 billion in federal funding for schools that it has been withholding for nearly a month, U.S. educators and others said the funds should never have been held up in the first place and warned that the attempt to do so was just one part of an ongoing campaign to undermine public education.

The Trump administration placed nearly $7 billion in federal education funding for K-12 public schools under review last month, then released $1.3 billion of it last week amid legal action and widespread backlash. 

An administration official speaking on condition of anonymity told The Washington Post that all reviews of remaining funding are now over.

Top of Form

Bottom of Form

"There is no good reason for the chaos and stress this president has inflicted on students, teachers, and parents across America for the last month, and it shouldn't take widespread blowback for this administration to do its job and simply get the funding out the door that Congress has delivered to help students," U.S. Senate Appropriations Committee Vice Chair Patty Murray (D-Wash.) said Friday.

"This administration deserves no credit for just barely averting a crisis they themselves set in motion," Murray added. "You don't thank a burglar for returning your cash after you've spent a month figuring out if you'd have to sell your house to make up the difference."

Facts and Fiction about wind energy heard at Rhode Island's Energy Facility Siting Board

Wind NIMBYs spew Trumpish nonsense

Steve Ahlquist

Europe already gets 20% of its energy supply from
wind energy

On July 23, the Rhode Island Energy Facilities Siting Board (EFSB) held a public hearing on the SouthCoast Wind project at Portsmouth Middle School. The SouthCoast Wind project is in Massachusetts waters and has been approved to build the turbines, but a critical part of the project involves Rhode Island. To get the wind power from the turbines to the regional

About 20 miles of electric cables must pass through Rhode Island waters and Aquidneck Island to reach the transmission system at Brayton Point in Somerset.

Proponents and opponents of wind energy filled the middle school auditorium, and the three-member EFSB listened for over four hours. Twenty-seven people spoke in favor of the project, noting the benefits of cheaper, more environmentally safe energy and the jobs the construction of the project will bring. Twenty-six people spoke against the project, most seemingly regurgitating the talking points of fossil fuel-backed right-wing think tanks.

With so many people testifying, a comprehensive overview would be time-consuming. So instead, I chose, as best I can, a representative testimony from each side, starting with wind energy opponent and Portsmouth resident Sal Carceller:

“I’m a resident of Portsmouth. Not only am I a resident of Portsmouth, with a view of the Sakonnet River. I’m blessed where I live. It’s one of the most beautiful places in the Northeast. I’ve traveled throughout the world. I spent considerable time at McCorrie Point with my family, friends, and others. I even spend evenings there.

“I have a question for the siting board. Have you visited any sites along the Sakkonet in Portsmouth? You don’t have to answer, but I will make a suggestion. Please go to McCorrie Point so that you understand what you’re about to approve. I don’t have an opinion, but I can tell you that it doesn’t make sense. You are not crossing a river just to cross it. You’re traversing that river from its mouth to Brayton Point, the entire river, a class A, class one waterway, the only one in Rhode Island, and one of the few. It is imperative that we get this correct.

“What’s going to happen is - I’m not a scientist, I’m a statistical analyst by trade. I’ve done data science and analytics, so I look at numbers. I’m going to ask the siting board to consider this: Would you ever approve a project that you knew was destined for failure and would never be used? You don’t have to answer that, but ask yourself while sitting at McCorrie Point, and then let’s talk about where we are today.

“Why is offshore wind no longer favored under the current administration? They were voted in, whether you like it or not. I’m going to go through a couple of bullet points:

“One. Executive Order halts offshore wind expansion. In January of 2025, the President of the United States signed an Executive Order¹ that withdrew the entire outer continental shelf from the future of offshore wind leasing. Not only did he do that, he paused all new and renewable lease permits and rights of way for wind energy on federal lands and waters. Next, he’s also initiated a review of the existing leases with potential cancellation/modifications.

“Two. New federal oversight delays projects. All wind and solar projects on federal lands and waters must now receive personal approval from the Interior Secretary, Doug Burgum. This change adds significant regulatory delays and uncertainty to project timelines. I’m just telling you what the lay of the land is, compared to when we first started these conversations. High costs from tariffs and subsidy rollbacks - tariffs on imported steel, aluminum, and turbine components have increased project costs. That’s going to turn into increased electric rates.

“I’m no fool. New tax legislation, signed by the President, is rolling back clean energy tax credits from the Inflation Reduction Act, making it financially harder for offshore wind developers.

“Now let’s talk about what has been done to the industry: industry pullbacks and writedowns. Ecuador recorded a $955 million write-down on its U.S. offshore wind portfolio. Citing administration policy changes, they’re divesting. Shell withdrew from the Atlantic Shores project off New Jersey, and this one. Projects like SouthCoast Wind have been delayed by years, losing hundreds of millions of expected value. SouthCoast wind knows it’s in trouble. They already said they are likely going to delay by four years.

“I only have a few more points—impact on the state climate goals. States like New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island rely heavily on offshore wind to meet their emission targets. The targets were made under a different administration. I don’t know if the targets are right or wrong. What if we’re wrong? We’re going to ruin a river. That’s going to delay timelines, create potential energy supply gaps, and pose challenges to meet the climate mandates.

“We’ve heard that from our president’s mouth. He favors fossil fuels and nuclear over renewables. He has repeatedly criticized wind energy as visually unappealing, environmentally harmful, and economically inefficient.

The children know

Trump caught cheating at golf AGAIN

Trump once again cheats and shows us his character. MAGA doesn't care

 

Brown continues some health research without federal funding

$1.3 million grant to Brown to expand research on the role of blood-brain barrier in decision making

By Nicole Maranhas, Associate Director of Strategic Communications for the Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University

A $1.3 million grant from the W.M. Keck Foundation to Brown University will fund research on how brain blood vessels relay real-time signals across the blood-brain barrier directly to the brain.

The research, which aims to shed light on the potential role of the blood-brain barrier in decision making, may provide valuable insights into treating brain diseases and disorders and reveal ways that the protective barrier is more dynamic than currently understood. 

Led by Professor of Brain Science Christopher Moore, associate director of the Carney Institute for Brain Science at Brown University, the research team has found that blood vessels send signals through “plume events” that allow flashes of permeability across the otherwise highly restrictive barrier, which blocks toxins and harmful molecules from entering the brain.

“These moments when the blood-brain barrier opens allow the blood vessels to send signals where they are needed, and only when the risk is worth the reward,” Moore said.

The new grant-funded research will build on emerging knowledge that cell types beyond neurons — including endothelial cells that line blood vessels — contribute to brain function.

“Mammalian brains evolved to make complex choices,” Moore said. “The blood carries a rich range of signals from the body, so it makes sense that your brain might sample this information during moments of learning and choice in order to make those computations.” 

Prior to the team’s research, it was unclear how the blood-brain barrier — thought to be mostly restrictive and only capable of slow, delayed transmissions — could relay signals in real time for decision making. According to Moore, plume events resolve this paradox.

EDITOR'S NOTE: While this $1.3 million grant from a private foundation is no doubt welcome, Donald Trump has refused to pay more than $45 million for work already performed by Brown researchers from federal grants that have already been awarded. Trump has also cancelled at least $8 million in grants and is either delaying or not renewing millions more. Despite Brown's extensive resources, these cuts exceed the university's ability to absorb and will harm vital health research in service of Trump's culture war against American education.   - Will Collette

Trump’s Tariff Chaos Crushes RI Small Businesses While Big Corps Get Free Pass

Bad for Rhode Island businesses and consumers

By Uprise RI Staff

A new Bloomberg report reveals the devastating impact of Donald Trump’s erratic tariff policies on American small businesses, while a comprehensive survey of Rhode Island manufacturers shows local companies are bearing the brunt of what amounts to a massive tax on U.S. consumers.

The reality that Trump’s administration refuses to acknowledge is simple: tariffs are a tax paid by American consumers and businesses, not foreign countries. When the administration boasts about “billions” in tariff revenue flowing into U.S. coffers, they’re celebrating money extracted from the pockets of American companies and working families who ultimately pay higher prices for goods.

A devastating survey conducted by Polaris MEP, Rhode Island Commerce Corporation, and the Rhode Island Manufacturers Association between May 20 and June 27, 2025, reveals the carnage. Of nearly 100 Rhode Island manufacturers surveyed, a staggering 78.3% reported they either have or plan to adjust prices due to federal tariff changes – meaning Rhode Island families will pay more for everything from food to medical devices.

TODAY, Tuesday: high heat and autos lead to UNHEALTHY ground level ozone pollution.

Until 8 PM Wednesday, Charlestown is under a heat advisory

By Will Collette

Source: National Weather Service 7-Day Forecast 41.38N 71.66W

Please watch out for the heat for the next few days and, if you have respiratory problems, try to stay in air conditioning. 

Combined heat and humidity will produce heat index values between 95 and 100 degrees.

This heat will combine with drifting smoke from Canadian wildfires, plus automobile emissions to produce air over Charlestown ranging from "moderate" (which is not good) to "unhealthy" tomorrow.

As you can see in the table below, DEM gives its forecast for both ground level ozone (vehicle-related) and fine particles (usually smoke-related).

The air quality forecast is pretty much in synch with the hot weather forecast.

Be careful out there.

Source: Air Quality Forecast | Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management

TUESDAY ALERT: 

The Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management (DEM) forecasts that air quality will reach unhealthy levels for sensitive groups due to elevated ground-level ozone on Tuesday, July 29. This alert is being issued for Washington and Newport Counties only.

Key Details:

• The highest ozone levels are expected in southern portions of Rhode Island at the immediate coastline.
• Peak levels begin late afternoon continuing well into the evening after sunset.
• Fine particles continue to be elevated, with moderate readings due to Canadian wildfire smoke.

Health Impacts:

Unhealthy ozone levels may cause:

• Throat irritation, coughing, and chest pain.
• Shortness of breath and increased risk of respiratory infections.
• Worsening of asthma and other lung conditions - particularly for children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing respiratory issues.

Recommended actions:

• Reduce prolonged or heavy outdoor exertion. 

• Take frequent breaks and choose less strenuous activities. 

• Monitor for symptoms like coughing or shortness of breath.

• People with asthma or lung conditions should follow their action plans and carry quick-relief medications.

• Schedule outdoor activities in the morning when ozone levels are lowest and typically good on the Air Quality index.

Stay Informed:

Air quality can change throughout the day. To stay informed, download the AirNOW app or visit www.airnow.gov for real-time updates and forecasts.

Additional information is also available on DEM’s air quality forecast page at www.dem.ri.gov/airquality.

For more information on DEM programs and initiatives, visit www.dem.ri.gov Follow DEM on Facebook, Twitter/X (@RhodeIslandDEM), or Instagram (@rhodeisland.dem) for timely updates. Sign up here to receive the latest press releases, news, and events from DEM's Public Affairs Office to your inbox. 

5 new laws that will make it easier to build the homes Rhode Island needs

Three of the five laws were co-sponsored by Charlestown state Rep. Tina Spears

By Greg Miller and Monica Teixeira de Sousa, Rhode Island Current

Anyone who has tried to buy or rent a home lately in Rhode Island has seen firsthand the impacts of the state’s housing shortage, including bidding wars to access homeownership or significant yearly rent increases for tenants. The median sales price of a single-family home in Rhode Island rose to $520,000 as of June, 2025, according to the Rhode Island Association of Realtors, and rental costs in the Providence metro area climbed at one of the fastest rates in the nation, reflected in a median asking rent of $2,145.

A root problem is that Rhode Island is building fewer homes per capita than any other state in the nation. We need 24,000 homes just to meet today’s needs. With an average household size of 2.4, and a lower median household income than our neighboring states, new housing production must include smaller and more affordable options. 

A recent Stateline story in Rhode Island Current detailed the impacts of the lack of homes for sale that are affordable options for teachers, highlighting that the housing crisis does not discriminate. Workers across all sectors and all educational backgrounds are impacted. The lack of homes in Rhode Island prevents teachers, child care workers, and retail workers from living in the communities they serve. 

There is a profound irony in the fact that even builders of homes are priced out. Consider that someone earning the average income of a skilled trades worker with four-plus years of experience — $68,717 — is unable to afford most homes on the market in Rhode Island. A family of four now needs an annual income of $151,067 to purchase a home. This is dispiriting news for our state’s hardworking residents trying to secure a future for themselves and their families.  

The status quo has consequences; it pushes young people out of the communities they grew up in, as they move away in search of more affordable housing options. The lack of home choices stops older adults from downsizing into a more accessible home, putting them in a situation of maintaining a home that is too large, too expensive, or too difficult to move around in. 

Six Months Into His Presidency, Trump Has Created a Global Humanitarian Catastrophe

Deaths from disease and famine have already begun and it's more than Gaza

Olivier De Schutter for Common Dreams

Photo: Mohammad Abu Samra for the IRC

As the UN’s independent expert on poverty, I am no stranger to harrowing statistics. 

But few numbers have shaken me like those emerging in the wake of the Trump administration’s suspension of U.S. foreign aid. According to new estimates published in The Lancet, these funding cuts could result in more than 14 million deaths by 2030, a third of them young children.

These deaths will not be the result of droughts, earthquakes, pandemics, or war. They will be the direct consequence of a single, lethal decision made by one of the wealthiest men to ever walk this planet.

On his first day back in the White House, Donald Trump handed a death sentence to millions of people. Hours after taking office on January 20, 2025, he signed Executive Order 14169, ordering a pause on billions of dollars of foreign aid under the guise of a “90-day review” to ensure aid was aligned with his “America First” approach.

Six months later, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) has been dissolved, and the entirety of America’s global humanitarian aid workforce will be terminated over the summer. The findings of the “review” have not been published.

Sherlock Trump solves another mystery

Seafood Festival coming soon

Aquatic Weed Treatment Scheduled for Meadowbrook Pond

Steer clear from popular fishing spot from July 30 until DEM posts an all clear

The Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management (DEM) announces that Meadowbrook Pond, Richmond will receive treatment to control infestations of invasive aquatic plants on Wednesday, July 30. 

Anglers and boaters should avoid using the lake during the treatment. 

Signs will be posted with information about temporary water use restrictions. 

Neighbors and other users of the pond should keep pets from drinking the water for at least three days. 

This treatment will target invasive plants in particular, variable water milfoil, and it will not harm fish or other aquatic life. 

Meadowbrook Pond is popular with anglers and boaters and is stocked with trout several times per year.

As Consumer Tax Credits Vanish, What Do You Need to Know?

We spoke to experts about what to keep in mind as incentives for solar, heat pumps and EVs are about to end.

By Dan Gearino

This article originally appeared on Inside Climate News, a nonprofit, non-partisan news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. Sign up for their newsletter here.

Consumers are facing a Sept. 30 deadline to be eligible for tax credits for EVs, followed by a Dec. 31 deadline when credits vanish for rooftop solar, air source heat pumps and certain water heaters.

These are major purchases and customers will likely want to consider multiple options before making a selection, but there isn’t much time for research. To help, I’ve convened some experts to help you make good decisions.

First, how we got here: Donald Trump signed the One Big Beautiful Bill Act earlier this month, which repealed tax credits that had been created or expanded under the Inflation Reduction Act.

Since the EV credits expire first, we’ll start there. Until Sept. 30, the government has a $7,500 credit for qualifying new EVs and plug-in hybrids, and a $4,000 credit for qualifying used EVs. There is also a $7,500 credit under a different part of the law that applies to leased EVs.

Disasters are for the greater glory of Trump

He cannot fail. He can only be failed.

Noah Berlatsky

Donald Trump presents himself as strong, indomitable, and always forceful. But when disaster strikes — whether hurricane, flash flood, or pandemic — he’s oddly helpless.

To hear Trump tell it, he has infinite power to do good and no power to do bad, and anyone who says otherwise is an enemy of the country. To believe in MAGA is to believe in his simultaneous omnipotence and impotence, depending on whichever is convenient for partisan purposes.

This dynamic has been on full display following the recent disaster in central Texas.

Torrential rains and floods early July 4 accounted for 129 deaths so far, and with many people still missing, the toll is expected to continue to rise. Trump traveled to the affected area last Friday, and his response when questioned about the government response was studiously ignorant.

“Nobody has any idea how and why a thing like this could happen,” he insisted. (Trump, of course, is a climate change denier.)

When a reporter asked what his message is to families who say earlier alerts about the flooding could’ve saved lives, Trump responded that “only an evil person would ask a question like that.”

Last year, however, Trump was that evil person, insisting (nonsensically and falsely) that California Gov. Gavin Newsom had exacerbated California wildfires by preventing firefighters from accessing water.

This kind of partisan hypocrisy is the norm for Trump. In fact, it’s so typical, and so obvious, that it almost stops being hypocrisy and becomes a kind of ethos.

Trump is never responsible for anything and any disaster is always someone else’s fault, whether that someone is God or Gavin Newsom.

If Trump is never responsible for disaster, it makes sense that he shouldn’t prepare for disasters. He can’t prevent or fix anything, so trying is just a waste of money. That twisted logic has guided Trump’s policy, and there is good reason to believe that it worsened the crisis in Texas — and will lead to worse and worse disasters throughout Trump’s term.

RIP Tom Lehrer, singer, satirist, mathematician, aged 97

 

Let's do it again

As Charlestown suffers through unhealthy air, which wildfire smoke plumes are hazardous?

New satellite tech can map them in 3D for air quality alerts at neighborhood scale

Jun Wang, University of Iowa

Wildfire smoke is not just Canada's problem but ours too.
Will detection and protection efforts survive Trump
budget cuts?

Canada is facing another dangerous wildfire season, with burning forests sending smoke plumes across the provinces and into the U.S. again. 

The pace of the 2025 fires is reminiscent of the record-breaking 2023 wildfire season, which exposed millions of people in North America to hazardous smoke levels.

For most of the past decade, forecasters have been able to use satellites to track these smoke plumes, but the view was only two-dimensional: The satellites couldn’t determine how close the smoke was to Earth’s surface.

The altitude of the smoke matters.

If a plume is high in the atmosphere, it won’t affect the air people breathe – it simply floats by far overhead.

But when smoke plumes are close to the surface, people are breathing in wildfire chemicals and tiny particles. Those particles, known as PM2.5, can get deep into the lungs and exacerbate asthma and other respiratory and cardiac problems.

An animation on May 30, 2025, shows a thick smoke plume from Canada moving over Minnesota, but the air quality monitors on the ground detected minimal risk, suggesting it was a high-level smoke plume. NOAA NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research

The Environmental Protection Agency uses a network of ground-based air quality monitors to issue air quality alerts, but the monitors are few and far between, meaning forecasts have been broad estimates in much of the country.

Malnutrition and food insecurity are set to soar among vulnerable older populations due to aid cuts in Trump’s budget.

Hunger Threatens to Plague “Golden Years” of Older Americans Due to Trump’s Cuts

By Eleanor J. Bader , Truthout

It’s 100 degrees on a late Tuesday in June, but 79-year-old Elisabeth — she asked that her surname not be used to protect her privacy — is in line at St. Patrick’s Church in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, waiting to get a bag of groceries.

“I don’t have enough comida (food),” she tells Truthout in a mix of English and Spanish. “You know, leche (milk), pan (bread), pollo (chicken), cereal —everything es muy caro (very expensive).”

Her rent, she says, is $1,200 a month, and she pays approximately $300 per month for electricity, gas, phone, and internet service. The total, she adds, exceeds her monthly income: a $229 retirement pension from her job as an office assistant and $849 in Social Security. “My daughter has to help me, but it’s hard for her, so I come to the church every week to get what I can —a container of milk, pasta, bread, and maybe a package of meat. It helps.”

Like Elisabeth, 74-year-old Lin — she, too, asked not to disclose her surname — has trouble making ends meet, but she goes to a senior center in her New York City neighborhood almost every weekday for a meal. She’s been doing this since 2011. “We’re a family here, and if I have a problem, there’s someone to help me,” she told Truthout. “If it’s something small, there’s always someone sitting near me to make me laugh and remind me not to take my troubles too seriously. If it’s a big problem, I can go upstairs to see a worker who will help me figure out what to do.”

The center, she says, asks for a voluntary contribution of $2 per meal. “It’s a good, square, balanced lunch,” Lin says.

Lin says that the combination of camaraderie and affordability will keep her coming back to the center for as long as she’s physically able. “My income — a $1,400 Social Security check and a pension of slightly more than $300 a month — doesn’t leave much left over. My rent is $1,000 and I have to pay for utilities and a phone,” she says. “So many of us seniors live doubled-up or in substandard housing. We deserve better, but the government, and Donald Trump in particular, treat us like garbage.”

Low-income seniors and their advocates agree and say that pending cuts to food and nutrition programs — including funding for meals at senior centers, and cuts to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Meals on Wheels —will increase hunger and malnutrition.

Both are already big problems.

According to Feeding America, a national network of food banks and pantries, food insecurity is nothing new, and even before Trump’s Big Bad Bill championed slashing social welfare spending, 6.9 million people over the age of 65 faced hunger in the U.S. The group estimates that in 2022, one in 11 people aged 60 and older, and one in eight between the ages of 50 and 59, lacked adequate food.

Part of the reason is poverty, but isolation, the inability to shop or cook, trouble chewing and swallowing, cognitive decline, depression, a diminished sense of smell and/or taste, and the side effects of medication can also contribute to malnutrition in American seniors. These factors, in concert with economic precarity, make it difficult for many elders to remain healthy and well-nourished.

But money, unsurprisingly, is crucial to eating well, and many seniors like Elisabeth and Lin have too little of it.

According to the Social Security Administration, as of May 2025, the average monthly Social Security payment was $2,002. Millions, however, are ineligible for retirement benefits and instead rely on Supplemental Security Income (SSI), a benefit provided to disabled people who did not work for the required 40 quarters needed to collect Social Security. Their monthly benefits amount to $967 for individuals and $1,450 for couples. More than 2 million adults over 65 receive SSI, with 39 percent living below the poverty line.

“Cuts to Medicaid and SNAP don’t just harm individuals. They impact whole communities.”