Cats often relish close physical contact
By Kyoto University
Cat owners often credit their pets with making life better,
but research has produced mixed evidence about whether owning a cat benefits
human health and well-being. Some studies have found positive effects, while
others have reported possible negative ones.
Researchers at Kyoto University wondered whether those differences might reflect the quality of the relationship between people and their cats, particularly their everyday interactions.
To
investigate, the team followed the daily lives of 29 cats and their 19 owners
for one month, recruiting participants through flyers and social media. They
assessed owners’ moods through questionnaires and observed how the cats behaved
toward their owners and unfamiliar people.
To measure everyday physical closeness, the researchers
attached small Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons to the cats’ collars. Owners
who spent more time physically close to their cats tended to report more
positive feelings. How long they had owned their cats, however, was not
associated with those positive mood states. The distinction suggests that daily
contact may matter more to this aspect of owners’ well-being than the length of
the relationship.
Cats’ oxytocin linked to owners’ negative moods
Urine samples from both cats and owners revealed connections
involving oxytocin, a hormone associated with social relationships, and
cortisol, a hormone associated with stress. Higher oxytocin concentrations in
cats’ urine were associated with higher oxytocin concentrations in their
owners’ urine. Cats with higher oxytocin levels also tended to have owners with
lower cortisol levels and fewer negative feelings. The cats’ oxytocin levels
were more closely associated with their owners’ negative mood states than the
owners’ own oxytocin levels were.
“I think many cat owners are familiar with the sense of
comfort and peace they feel when their cat climbs onto their lap seeking
affection, they start to pet it, and the cat begins purring contentedly,” says
corresponding author Saho Takagi. “Our findings suggest that this feeling may
be partly reflected in the hormonal connection between cats and their owners,
particularly through oxytocin, a hormone involved in the formation of
parent-child bonds and social relationships.”
The findings offer a possible explanation for the
inconsistent evidence about cat ownership and health. Benefits or drawbacks may
depend on the relationship between a person and their cat, rather than
ownership alone. However, the study establishes associations, not cause and
effect. The team hopes to explore more deeply how cats and humans influence
each other through their everyday interactions.
Reference: “Cats and humans show correlated affiliative
physiological states” by Saho Takagi, Taisuke Tsubomura, Miho Nagasawa and
Takefumi Kikusui, 13 October 2026, iScience.
DOI:
10.1016/j.isci.2026.117934
This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Research Fellowship for Young Scientists (grant no 22KJ2970) and a Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas (A) (grant no 26A102), both awarded to S.T., by the Ayako Ueda Fund Research Grant Program of the Japanese Society of Feline Medicine, and by the Hakubi Project at Kyoto University.
