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Showing posts with label flu. Show all posts
Showing posts with label flu. Show all posts

Monday, September 7, 2026

New mRNA Flu Vaccine Makes This Flu Season ‘One to Watch’

The FDA’s approval of an mRNA flu shot presents a new, long-awaited option

By Annalies Winny

An mRNA flu vaccine is on its way.

On August 5, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Moderna's mFlusiva, the first influenza vaccine to use mRNA technology, for adults 50 and older.

The approval gives many older Americans a long-awaited new option for protection. Tens of thousands of Americans typically die from the flu every year, and the vast majority of them are 65 and older. 

It’s long been a public health priority to evolve flu vaccine technology—a process which currently takes more than six months to produce a shot and is prone to mismatches with the circulating strains—so that manufacturers can respond more quickly to the evolving virus, ultimately making flu shots more effective.

When it comes to those goals, Moderna’s mRNA shot is “very, very promising,” says Anna Durbin, MD, a professor in International Health and director of the Center for Immunization Research.

“Most vaccinologists believe that mRNA vaccines are the future,” says Durbin, who sits on the FDA panel that recommended the vaccine. Regulators in the EU, Canada, and Australia are also reviewing the vaccine, and the European Medicine Agency has separately authorized a combined mRNA COVID-flu vaccine, also by Moderna.

For now, Durbin says, the FDA approval provides a welcome new option for older Americans—but the price, demand, and availability of the shot, and what it means for existing vaccines, remain open questions.

Forget Bobby Jr.

Here are the recommendations from REAL experts for vaccines

Meghan Holohan

Fall brings many new changes, including a new school year and a surge of respiratory illnesses. With little direction from the federal government, many people are confused about whether they need a flu, COVID-19, or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine.

To fill the information void, the Vaccine Integrity Project (VIP) at the University of Minnesota’s Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP, publisher of CIDRAP News), and the American Medical Association (AMA) published the results of their independent evidence review of the influenzaCOVID-19, and RSV vaccines today in JAMA

Filling in gaps left by federal vaccine-process breakdown

“We are living in unprecedented times when it comes to modern vaccine review and recommendation,” said Michael Osterholm, PhD, MPH, CIDRAP director and coauthor of an accompanying commentary. “The VIP program will never replace ACIP [Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices]. In the interim, it’s the stopgap measure that allows us to continue recommending these vaccines based on a comprehensive review of both effectiveness and safety.” 

During a press briefing yesterday on the evidence reviews, four of the country’s major medical organizations—the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)— provided their vaccine recommendations for the 2026-27 respiratory illness season.

“We cannot allow the breakdown of a federal process to create a vacuum in evidence-based vaccine guidance,” Bruce Gellin, MD, MPH, chair of the VIP Board of Advisors, said during the briefing. 

Saturday, September 5, 2026

COVID Infections Are Surging Again

Vaccines and prudent action still the best response

By Nick Landekic, contributing writer, RINewsToday

Yes, COVID is still a thing. As expected, we are experiencing the now predictable summer wave, the 13th surge since the start of the pandemic. Right now it’s estimated 3.4 million people are becoming infected every week and 800 to 1,500 are dying of COVID every week, and infections are climbing fast. The National Wastewater Scan shows high and growing levels of COVID in every participating state.

What’s been happening with COVID?

COVID has fallen into a now more-or-less predictable pattern of surging twice a year, in the summer and winter.

Friday, August 21, 2026

Will flu, COVID-19 vaccines be available this fall?

What road blocks will Bobby Jr. and Trump throw up?

Meghan Holohan

As fall nears and the respiratory illness season begins, many people are wondering if they’ll be able to receive updated flu and COVID-19 vaccines amid the turmoil created by the federal government about vaccines. Some worry that recent changes could mean they have to pay out of pocket for their annual doses. 

But experts say Americans don’t have to worry about vaccine coverage—this year, at least. 

“There will be available an updated influenza vaccine and an updated COVID vaccine. So far, that’s pretty normal,” William Schaffner, MD, professor of infectious diseases at Vanderbilt Health and spokesperson for the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), told CIDRAP News. “Insurers, that is, the medical insurance industry, have said that they would cover those vaccines.” 

Tuesday, August 11, 2026

Trump and Bobby Jr. continue relentless attack on life-saving vaccines.

Trump signs executive order to break up measles, mumps, rubella vaccine

Sarah Boden and Chris Dall, MA

Donald Trump is calling to "break up" the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, which would require more visits and shots, instead of using a two-dose regimen to deliver the three immunizations. 

Separating out the MMR vaccine is among the recommendations in an executive order signed by the president today that urges all childhood vaccines be administered at separate visits.

“For example, at one year, you should have five separate visits for vaccines rather than getting them all in the same day," President Trump said at the signing.

There are no data to show that spacing out the MMR immunizations—or other childhood immunizations—is beneficial, but doing so could increase the risk of infection or lead to kids missing doses. And it adds to vaccination costs.

Also, breaking up the MMR vaccine could be difficult, at least in the short term, as this would require buy-in from pharmaceutical manufacturers to make three separate vaccines. And the proposed three separate vaccines are not currently licensed in the United States nor approved by the Food and Drug Administration, which would take some time.

‘None of this is reality-based’

The executive order makes no mention of autism. Yet, at today's signing, Trump and Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. repeated a long-debunked falsehood that vaccinations are possibly associated with the neurodevelopmental condition. There is no link.

The executive order will do nothing to support families of children with autism or advance understanding of it, said a statement from Andrew D. Racine, MD, PhD, president of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).*

Racine added that pediatricians recommend that children receive certain vaccines at specific ages based on when children's immune systems will respond best and when they are most vulnerable to certain diseases. 

Sunday, August 9, 2026

First mRNA flu shot gets FDA approval, raising hopes for a more effective vaccine

Surprising decision given RFK Jr.'s disdain and funding cuts for all mRNA vaccines

Sarah Boden

A first-of-its-kind flu shot using mRNA technology has been approved for adults 50 years of age and older by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 

Moderna's mFlusiva is the company's fourth mRNA-based product approved in the United States, according to a Moderna press release. The vaccine has full approval for people 50 to 64 years of age. For those over 65, the FDA granted "accelerated approval," which is temporary: Full approval depends on the long-term safety and real-world effectiveness of the vaccine in this age group.

Earlier this year, it seemed that the vaccine would never make it to market. The FDA refused to review Moderna's application, saying that instead of comparing mFlusiva to the standard-dose seasonal influenza vaccine, the company should instead have used the high-dose vaccine, which is recommended for adults who are 65 and older. Also, Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has questioned the safety of mRNA, which is the same technology used to produce the COVID-19 vaccines.

However, a week later, the FDA reversed its decision and agreed to review Moderna's application after outcry from infectious disease experts and warnings that outright refusal to review the application could cause a chilling effect that would deter investments in new pharmaceuticals and dampen innovation. 

Tuesday, July 28, 2026

Save kids' lives

Flu shots prevent 80% of death in kids

Mary Van Beusekom, MS

During eight respiratory illness seasons, estimated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against death in US children was 80% overall, 77% in those who had underlying medical conditions, and 87% among those without such conditions, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) researchers report today in Pediatrics

The team used data from the US Influenza Associated Pediatric Mortality Surveillance System and survey data to estimate VE against death and assess vaccination status in children aged 6 months to 17 years who died of their infections from August 2016 through July 2025. The study excluded the 2020-21 flu season.

“Seasonal influenza vaccination has been shown to reduce the risk of influenza and severe complications among children aged 6 months and older,” the study authors noted. “Since 2010, reported numbers of influenza-associated pediatric deaths among children younger than 18 years have ranged from 37 during the 2011 to 2012 season to 289 during the 2024 to 2025 season.” 

Over half of flu deaths were in otherwise healthy children

In total, 1,234 children aged 6 months to 17 years died of flu. Overall, 48% of pediatric deaths occurred in children with one or more underlying medical conditions and 52% in those without such conditions. 

Of deaths in children with at least one high-risk condition, the greatest proportion of flu vaccination was in those with non-asthma lung disorders (35%), followed by immune-weakening conditions (33%) and genetic and mitochondrial disorders (29%) and was lowest among those with obesity (18%), diabetes (11%), and hemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell disease (8%).

Among 1,086 deaths with flu vaccination data, only 23% of 530 children with chronic conditions and 13% of 556 children without these conditions were fully vaccinated against flu. By season, the proportion of flu deaths in children vaccinated in the current year ranged from 26% in 2018-19 to 9% in 2024-25. 

Sunday, July 12, 2026

Scientists finally solved how H5N1 bird flu hid in dairy cows

It's always the last place you look

University of Pittsburgh

Researchers uncovered why H5N1 bird flu attacks cows’ udders instead of their lungs: the virus’s preferred receptors are concentrated in mammary tissue. The breakthrough could help scientists predict future bird flu jumps and spot unusual infections before they spread widely.

When H5N1 bird flu began infecting U.S. dairy cattle in early 2024, veterinarians struggled to identify the cause. The virus was difficult to recognize because it behaved very differently in cows than it does in other mammals. Rather than primarily infecting the lungs, H5N1 caused severe infections in the udders while leaving the respiratory system largely unaffected.

Now, researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health have uncovered the biological reason behind this unusual pattern. Their findings, published in Science Advances, provide the first detailed explanation for why bird flu took such an unexpected form in cattle. The work could also help scientists better anticipate how H5N1 might behave if it spreads to new animal species in the future.

Bird Flu's Unusual Appearance in Dairy Herds

The outbreak first emerged in dairy cattle in the Texas Panhandle, where animals developed severe cases of necrotizing mastitis, a painful inflammatory disease that damages tissue in the mammary glands.

Saturday, July 4, 2026

Global review confirms mRNA vaccines are safe, effective and full of promise

mRNA vaccines offer breakthrough on preventing cancer, viruses, and many other life-threatening diseases

By University of British Columbia

Edited by Sadie Harley, reviewed by Robert Egan

Bobby Kennedy Jr. has been trying to ban mRNA vaccines
A sweeping global review led by researchers at the University of British Columbia has found that mRNA vaccines—now administered billions of times worldwide—are safe and highly effective at preventing infectious diseases like COVID-19, and have potential applications for a range of other diseases, including influenza, RSV, cancer and autoimmune disorders.

Published in The Lancet, the review draws on laboratory science, clinical trials and real-world effectiveness data to provide one of the most comprehensive assessments of mRNA vaccines to date. It spans the full vaccine life cycle, from design and manufacturing to real-world performance and monitoring.

By bringing this evidence together in a single resource, the researchers aim to support health care providers, policymakers and the public with clear, evidence-based information as new mRNA vaccines and therapies are developed.

"After billions of doses, we now have an extraordinary amount of scientific evidence," said lead author Dr. Anna Blakney, assistant professor at UBC's Michael Smith Laboratories and School of Biomedical Engineering.

"This review affirms that mRNA vaccines are a safe and highly effective platform, supported by rigorous testing and real-world monitoring. It provides an evidence-based foundation as this technology continues to expand into new areas of medicine."

Wednesday, July 1, 2026

Discarding George Washington's example for MAGA policy comes with consequences

Flu virus doesn't care about religion or politics

Katrine L. Wallace, University of Illinois Chicago

Amid a worsening flu outbreak at Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas, the U.S. Air Force, Army and Navy are once again requiring new recruits to get vaccinated against the influenza virus, according to ABC News. The move comes two months after Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth rescinded the U.S. military’s mandate that they do so.

As of June 23, 2026, at least 222 recruits on the base have fallen ill and four have reportedly been hospitalized.

In his April 21 announcement making the flu vaccine optional, Hegseth cited medical autonomy and religious freedom, describing the vaccination requirement as “overly broad and not rational,” telling troops that “your body, your faith and your convictions are not negotiable.”

The flu shot requirement that Hegseth ended had been in place since 1945, with one brief pause in 1949. It was part of a tradition of military vaccine mandates nearly as old as the United States itself.

As an epidemiologist who studies vaccine-preventable diseases, I found the end of the flu mandate striking less for its immediate impact than for what it signals. For most of American history, military commanders took for granted that infectious disease could cost them a war, which is why vaccination was considered a matter of military readiness rather than personal choice.

The Lackland outbreak is evidence that the underlying epidemiology has not changed – only the political climate surrounding public health.

A tradition that started with George Washington

The first American military vaccine mandate predates the Constitution. In the winter of 1777, Gen. George Washington ordered the mass inoculation of the Continental Army against smallpox.

His decision wasn’t ideological – it was strategic. The year before, a smallpox outbreak had torn through American troops outside Quebec, contributing to the collapse of the northern campaign. John Adams famously wrote to his wife, Abigail, that smallpox was killing 10 soldiers for every one felled in battle.

Tuesday, June 23, 2026

Moderna’s mRNA flu vaccine gets thumbs up from federal vaccine panel

Goes AGAINST Bobby Junior's war against mRNA vaccines

Chris Dall, MA

As a rule, vaccines only work if you
take them.
A federal vaccine advisory panel today gave its stamp of approval to Moderna’s mRNA influenza vaccine (mRNA-1010) for older adults.

By a unanimous vote, the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee (VRBPAC) voted to recommend approval of the investigational vaccine, which will be marketed under the brand name mFlusiva, for the prevention of flu in adults age 50 to 64. 

They also voted in support of accelerated approval in adults aged 65 and older. Moderna will be required to conduct a phase 4, post-marketing study to demonstrate effectiveness in the older group.

The recommendation comes after several months of regulatory uncertainty over the vaccine. After initially agreeing to review Moderna’s application for approval of the vaccine, the FDA changed course in February, saying that the phase 3 trial for mRNA-1010 was not “adequate and well-controlled” because it used a standard-dose seasonal flu vaccine as the comparator vaccine. 

Moderna said that while the FDA had expressed a preference to use a high-dose flu vaccine as a comparator, agency officials had agreed that a standard-dose flu vaccine was an acceptable comparator.

The move raised concerns about shifting regulatory standards under the leadership of Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who has been openly critical of mRNA vaccines. In August 2025, Kennedy canceled $500 million in funding for 22 mRNA vaccine projects.

But a week later, the FDA reversed itself again after Moderna proposed a revised regulatory approach. The agency agreed to review the application for full approval in adults age 50 to 64 and accelerated approval for adults aged 65 and older, with an agreement to conduct a post-marketing study in the 65 and older group.

Saturday, June 13, 2026

Bird Flu hits Rhode Island market

Avian Flu Confirmed at Live Bird Market in Providence

The Rhode Island Department of Health (RIDOH) and Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management (DEM) want to alert consumers that birds at Antonelli Poultry in Providence tested positive for the H5N1 strain of avian influenza during routine quarterly testing by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). The infected birds, which included live chickens and ducks, did not come from Rhode Island farms. They were from out-of-state dealers. 

Earlier today (June 13), the State Veterinarian oversaw the USDA-required humane euthanasia of about 445 asymptomatic birds at the market to prevent the spread of the disease to other birds. Per USDA regulations, Antonelli Poultry will be closed until 5 days after they have disposed of infected birds and have cleaned and sanitized all areas of the business. Antonelli Poultry is closely cooperating with DEM and RIDOH.

Because staff at Antonelli Poultry may have been exposed to avian influenza, and out of an abundance of caution, RIDOH is monitoring all staff for 10 days for symptoms of avian influenza. The overall risk of humans getting H5N1 remains low.

“Cooking poultry to the proper internal temperature of 165° kills bacteria and viruses, including avian influenza A viruses,” says Director of Health Jerry Larkin, MD. “RIDOH recommends that if anyone still has poultry they bought between June 9 and June 12 that was killed and dressed by Antonelli Poultry, they should double bag the poultry and dispose of it in their regular trash. If you have properly cooked and eaten chicken from Antonelli Poultry, the risk of becoming ill is very low; however, if you develop symptoms of avian influenza, you should seek medical care.”

Symptoms of avian influenza include eye redness, fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose, muscle or body aches, fatigue, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, or pneumonia that requires hospitalization. People who get avian influenza can be treated with antivirals.

To prevent any foodborne illness, RIDOH recommends:

  • Wash hands, utensils, and cutting boards before and after contact with raw poultry, meat, seafood, and eggs.
  • Keep raw poultry and meat away from food that won’t be cooked—like fruits and vegetables.
  • Cook food to the proper temperature and use a food thermometer to check the food’s internal temperature. You cannot tell by looking at food if it is cooked to the proper temperature.

Avian influenza infections in humans are rare. The best way to prevent avian influenza in humans is for people to avoid exposure.

  • Avoid direct contact with birds or other animals infected with, or suspected to be infected with, avian influenza.
  • Avoid direct contact with sick or dead wild birds, poultry, or other animals.
  • Do not touch surfaces or materials contaminated with saliva, mucous, or animal feces from wild or domestic birds or other animals with confirmed or suspected avian influenza.
  • Do not touch or drink raw milk (unpasteurized milk), especially from animals with confirmed or suspected avian influenza
  • Do not handle any sick or dead wild birds or other animals without wearing personal protective equipment (PPE).

“DEM works closely with federal and State veterinary and public health officials to respond quickly to confirmed H5N1 cases in domestic birds,” said State Veterinarian Scott Marshall, DVM. “The USDA performs quarterly testing at live bird markets to ensure the public’s safety.” 

This is Rhode Island’s first confirmed domestic bird case of avian influenza in 2026. Rhode Island has previously confirmed infections in noncommercial flocks in 2022 and in 2025

To learn more about avian influenza in humans, visit RIDOH’s website. To learn more about avian influenza in animals, visit DEM’s website.

Saturday, June 6, 2026

URI researcher aids the fight against bird flu

Identifying data gaps in bird flu host dynamics to help conserve vulnerable species

Kristen Curry

Johanna Harvey, an assistant professor of wildlife disease wildlife ecology at the University of Rhode Island, has described bird flu in public presentations as a quiet virus with loud consequences.

Now she’s published a new paper in Wildlife Monographs, describing how circulating avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) show an expanded set of susceptible hosts, including many migratory wild birds, and higher transmission rates. In the paper, Harvey examines data gaps in avian influenza host dynamics to prioritize wildlife conservation — and protect human health.

Johanna Harvey’s new paper in Wildlife Monographs describes how circulating avian influenza viruses show an expanded set of susceptible hosts and higher transmission rates.

Sunday, May 10, 2026

There is a reason why the military requires vaccinations

George Washington recognized that in wartime, disease can be as deadly as bullets

Beds with patients in an emergency hospital in
Camp Funston, Kansas, in the midst of the
influenza epidemic during World War I. Otis
Historical Archives, National Museum of
Health and Medicine.
Katrine L. Wallace, University of Illinois Chicago

For the first time in almost 80 years, U.S. service members will no longer be mandated to receive the annual influenza vaccine.

Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth announced the change on April 22, 2026. Citing medical autonomy and religious freedom, he described the requirement as “overly broad and not rational,” telling troops that “your body, your faith and your convictions are not negotiable.”

The flu shot requirement that Hegseth ended had been in place since 1945, with one brief pause in 1949. It was part of a tradition of military vaccine mandates nearly as old as the United States itself.

As an epidemiologist who studies vaccine-preventable diseases, I find the end of the flu mandate striking less for its immediate impact than for what it signals. For most of American history, military commanders took for granted that infectious disease could cost them a war, which is why vaccination was considered a matter of military readiness rather than personal choice.

A tradition that started with George Washington

The first American military vaccine mandate predates the Constitution. In the winter of 1777, Gen. George Washington ordered the mass inoculation of the Continental Army against smallpox.

His decision wasn’t ideological – it was strategic. The year before, a smallpox outbreak had torn through American troops outside Quebec, contributing to the collapse of the northern campaign. John Adams famously wrote to his wife, Abigail, that smallpox was killing 10 soldiers for every one felled in battle.

Inoculation in 1777 was itself risky. The procedure, called variolation, involved deliberately infecting a soldier with a small amount of smallpox virus to build immunity. Washington gambled that losing some to inoculation was better than losing a war to the virus. Historians have credited the decision with saving the Continental Army.

Thursday, April 23, 2026

More progress toward a potential universal flu shot

Intranasal EV vaccine protected mice from H5N1, H7N9

by Georgia State University

edited by Alexander Pol

A novel vaccine platform has been developed to induce broad, protective immunity against numerous influenza virus infections, showing promise as an effective mucosal vaccine strategy, according to a study published by researchers in the Institute for Biomedical Sciences at Georgia State University.

The study published in the journal ACS Nano used cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a vaccine platform to display various human and avian influenza hemagglutinins (HAs) in an upside-down manner on the EV surfaces. The inverted HA tends to present the conserved HA stalk to the immune system to induce cross-protective influenza immunity while hiding the highly variable HA head to avoid strain-specific immunity.

The investigators used mice to evaluate cellular and mucosal immune responses induced by the multiple HA EV vaccines. HA is a major influenza surface glycoprotein. EVs are natural nanoparticles that facilitate cell-to-cell communications.

The researchers found that EV-based inverted HA vaccines hold great promise for developing universal influenza vaccines that target a mucosal route.

Developing innovative vaccine platforms and delivery strategies to induce protective immunity against diverse influenza virus strains in the respiratory tract is crucial for preventing influenza infection and transmission in potential epidemics and pandemics.

Saturday, April 18, 2026

A closer look at vaccine strength revealed a surprising link to brain health.

Stronger Flu Shot Linked to Nearly 55% Lower Alzheimer’s Risk, Study Finds

By University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

A routine visit to a public health office led to an unexpected scientific insight, one that may reshape how researchers think about preventing Alzheimer’s disease.

A new study from UTHealth Houston reports that older adults who receive a higher dose of the influenza vaccine may have a significantly lower risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease compared to those who receive the standard dose.

The results were published in Neurology.

Alzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of dementia, affecting more than 7 million Americans age 65 and older as of 2025. That represents about 1 in 9 people in this age group, and the number is projected to more than double by 2050.

Earlier research from 2022, led by Paul Schulz, MD, a professor of neurology at McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston and director of the Neurocognitive Disorders Center, found that people age 65 and older had a lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease if they received a flu vaccine.

Now, three years later, Schulz and his team report that the reduction in risk is even greater among those who receive a higher dose of the vaccine.

Tuesday, April 7, 2026

Why flu and COVID hit older adults so hard

Aging lungs may spark runaway inflammation that makes infections far more dangerous.

University of California - San Francisco

Older adults are far more likely to develop severe illness from flu or COVID, and new research from UC San Francisco offers an explanation. The study shows that aging lung cells can trigger an overly aggressive immune response, which can turn even mild infections into serious conditions.

These findings provide new insight into age-related inflammation and help explain why something as simple as a cough can sometimes lead to hospitalization in older individuals.

Aging Lung Cells and Inflammation

To explore what changes in older lungs, researchers focused on fibroblasts, the structural cells that help maintain lung tissue. In experiments with young mice, they activated a stress signal typically linked to aging. This caused the lungs to develop clusters of inflamed cells, including some marked by the GZMK gene, which was first identified in severe COVID-19 cases. Scientists believe future treatments could target these cells to interrupt the harmful cycle known as inflammaging.

"We were surprised to see lung fibroblasts working hand-in-hand with immune cells to drive inflammaging," said Tien Peng, MD, a professor of Medicine and a member of the Cardiovascular Research Institute and Bakar Aging Research Institute at UCSF. "It suggests new ways to intervene before patients progress to severe inflammation that can require intubation."

Peng is the senior author of the study, published in Immunity on March 27. Nancy Allen MD, PhD, a clinical fellow in the Pulmonary and Critical Care Division in the UCSF Department of Medicine, is the first author.

Sunday, April 5, 2026

How to contain avian flu H5N1 if human-to-human spread begins

With RFK Jr. in charge of the CDC, we are not prepared

By Sandra McLean, York University

Edited by Gaby Clark, reviewed by Robert Egan 

The Onion

At this point, avian flu H5N1 is thought to have very limited ability to transmit between humans, but a recent case in British Columbia with an unknown source of transmission has piqued the curiosity and concern of scientists, including York University Professor Seyed Moghadas. Did this lone case come about through transmission from an animal or another person, and if it was via human transmission, what methods would control its spread in the human population?

Director of York's Agent-Based Modeling Laboratory in the Center of Excellence in AI for Public Health Advancement, Moghadas and a group of researchers used modeling to understand the best spread control measures should human-to-human transmission become possible.

"The idea was, let's evaluate some of the interventions that we usually implement at the very earliest stage of a disease outbreak or emerging disease, which we know very little about," he says.

For the research, "Containment Scenarios for Post-Spillover Transmission Chains of Avian Influenza H5N1 from Poultry to Humans," published in Nature Health, various scenarios from isolation to vaccination before or after a spillover event were modeled.

It is one of only a few studies that have explicitly modeled outbreak dynamics following spillover into humans or the effectiveness of public health interventions in early and highly uncertain phases of virus development.

Friday, March 27, 2026

How Robert F. Kennedy Jr.’s Vaccine Agenda Risks a Resurgence of Deadly Childhood Plagues

Many children will die because of Bobby Jr.'s obsession
By Patricia Callahan

Dr. Adam Ratner hovered over a gravely ill infant in a New York City intensive care unit on a grim day in 2022. The 3-month-old girl spiked a fever two days earlier and had become lethargic. Soon she was having seizures and struggling to breathe.

She didn’t register Ratner’s towering frame or the bright hospital lights. Her eyes stared up and to the right, eerily frozen. 

He ran his hand over the soft spot on her head, which should have been flat. Instead, it bulged, a sign that too much fluid was building up inside her skull. 

The baby’s life was in danger, and Ratner needed to figure out why. He worried the culprit was bacterial meningitis, an infection of the membranes that protect the brain.

What came back on her lab tests was something out of the history books.

The infant’s meningitis was caused by invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b, or Hib, a type of bacteria that used to kill nearly 1,000 children a year in the U.S. A shot introduced in the late 1980s was so effective that Ratner, a veteran pediatric infectious disease doctor, was among the generations of physicians who had never seen a case. But the baby’s parents, Ratner learned, had chosen not to vaccinate her.

Disheartened, he told his colleagues, “This should be a never event.”

It wasn’t. The following year, Ratner treated another infant with Hib, then another, each of them unvaccinated. Two went home, but one had to be discharged to a rehabilitation facility. That 5-month-old boy had huge black pupils that didn’t respond to light, and he needed a ventilator to breathe. Ratner and his colleagues noted an “absence of brain stem reflexes,” indicating severe damage.

The U.S. government took a half century to build a vaccination system that shielded children from such a fate. Its success depended on two fundamental pillars: parents trusting in vaccines and children having access to them. Both are now in peril, thanks in no small part to the man steering America’s health policy.

Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who founded an antivaccine group and once likened the immunization of children to a holocaust, is transforming a government that long championed the lifesaving benefits of shots into one that spreads doubts about their safety here and abroad. 

Kennedy is also considering changes that could prompt the few companies that make vaccines for American kids to abandon the U.S. market, leaving parents who want the shots unable to get them.

The threat to vaccine access reaches across the globe after Kennedy yanked the government’s $1.6 billion pledge to the aid group that provides shots for the world’s poorest children. For decades, the U.S. had funded such work not just as a humanitarian mission but as a way to keep Americans safe from unchecked contagions.

Tuesday, March 10, 2026

A new nasal spray vaccine could stop bird flu at the door — blocking infection, reducing spread, and helping head off the next pandemic.

This Vaccine Stops Bird Flu Before It Reaches the Lungs

By WashU Medicine

Since first appearing in the United States in 2014, H5N1 avian influenza, widely known as bird flu, has steadily expanded its reach. The virus has spread from wild birds into farm animals and, more recently, to humans. Since 2022, 

more than 70 people in the U.S. have been infected, including two deaths. Because the virus continues to circulate widely among animals, scientists warn that it has ongoing opportunities to adapt in ways that could allow it to spread more easily between people, raising fears of a future pandemic.

A Nasal Vaccine Designed to Stop Infection Early

To reduce that risk, researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis developed a nasal spray vaccine aimed at stopping the virus at its point of entry. When tested in hamsters and mice, the vaccine triggered strong immune responses and successfully prevented infection after exposure to H5N1.

One major concern with bird flu vaccines is that immunity from previous seasonal flu infections or vaccinations could weaken their effectiveness. The research team addressed this issue directly and found that their nasal vaccine remained highly protective even in animals with prior flu immunity.

The findings were published today (January 30) in Cell Reports Medicine.