URI Meadows Serve as Living Pollinator Laboratories
By CYNTHIA DRUMMOND/ecoRI News contributor
 |
| One of several wildflower meadows at the University of Rhode Island’s East Farm. A team of researchers is evaluating the performances of the plants to determine which species are best suited to Rhode Island and which are the most beneficial to pollinators such as bees. (Cynthia Drummond/for ecoRI News) |
It was still warm enough on a late-November
afternoon for the honeybees at the University of Rhode Island’s East Farm to be
outside their hives. Throughout the summer, they, along with bumblebees, feed
on and pollinate flowers in several nearby meadows.
Touring the farm in golf carts, entomology professor Steven Alm
and two graduate students, Casey Johnson and Elizabeth Varkonyi, were
evaluating several plantings, part of a research project that has involved the
conversion of large plots, about 7 of the property’s 85 acres, into meadows.
One of the challenges, Alm said, is to find plants that bloom very
early in the spring, because that is when emerging bees are most in need of
nutrition.
“It’s got a lot of golden rod, there’s a lot of vetch in there,”
he said, stopping his cart beside a large meadow. “It’s got a lot of asters,
but we’re trying to get some more early season plants established, because the
queen bumblebees, they go into hibernation and they come out early in the
spring and they need some very early spring flowers to get energy and protein
out of nectar to start their new colonies. That’s what I think we’re lacking a
bit here in Rhode Island, early season plants for them.”
Alm moves on to another plot, which is divided into a grid to make
monitoring the diverse plantings easier.
“We put in New Jersey tea, we put in joe-pye weed, there’s some
boneset, just to see what would take to this particular soil type — pH,
moisture conditions, rainfall — because we don’t want to baby it too much,” he
said.
Further on, several larger plots are planted with red clover and
wildflower seed mixes. The sunflower seed for another planting was ordinary
wild bird seed from a hardware store. The flowers were gone, but birds,
including a large flock of dark-eyed juncos, were still eating the fallen seeds.
The soil in the meadow plots is not amended in any way, and the
plants are left to fend for themselves. Alm is trying to determine which
natural conditions different plants prefer and which plants are most attractive
to bees.
Because pollinators like bees are so dependent on plants, it also
makes sense to study them and their roles in the meadows. Johnson, who is
earning a master’s degree, has completed the first year of a project that
involves treating the honeybees in the farm’s 28 hives for varroa mite, a
parasite that has killed millions of bees.